A Study on Effectiveness of Structured Teaching program on Road Safety Measures Among Primary School Children in Selected School at Bangalore

Tintu Annie Mathew*

Assistant Professor, NIMS College of Nursing, Bhubaneswar, Orissa

*Corresponding Author Email: tmmarangattu168@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

An experimental study with two groups pre test and post test design was undertaken in selected school in Bangalore, Karnataka to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on road safety measures among primary school children. Total numbers of 100 primary school children were selected to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding road safety measures, the level of knowledge regarding road safety measures before and after structured teaching program and also to study the association between socio demographic variables and level of knowledge in experimental and control group.

In pretest, 2% of children had inadequate knowledge, 98% had moderately adequate and none of had adequate knowledge. In posttest, none of had inadequate knowledge, 4% had moderately adequate and 96% had adequate knowledge for experimental group. Same like for control group in pretest, 18% of children had inadequate knowledge, 82% had moderately adequate and none of had adequate knowledge .In posttest 4% of children had inadequate knowledge, 94% had moderately adequate and 2%had adequate knowledge. This indicates that experimental group has more knowledge than the control group after administration of structured teaching program

The result shows that the structured program was highly effective as the P value is 0.000 and the unpaired T value is 15.73. The mean difference of the experimental group (14.2) is higher than the mean difference of the control group (3.48). It indicates that the experimental group has more knowledge than the control group after administering structured teaching program.

There is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the socio demographic variables such as mother’s educational status, father’s educational status and religion for control group. In experimental group there is significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the socio demographic variables such as mother’s educational status and father’s educational status.

KEY WORDS: Effectiveness, Structured Teaching programme, Road safety, Primary school children.

Need for study:

Every day as many as one lakh forty thousand people are injured on the world’s roads. More than three thousand people die and some fifteen are disabled for life. Each of those people has a network of family, friends, neighbors, colleagues or classmates who are also affected emotionally otherwise. Families struggle with poverty when they lost bread winner or have the added expense of caring for disabled family members.

According to World Health Organization, nearly 1.18 million people lost their lives every year due to road accidents. Almost 18000 young people are injured in Australia roads every year. In Australia 958 persons killed in the year of 2001, 958 persons killed in the year of 2002 and 931 persons killed in the year of 2003.

Fifteen children under the age of 15 lost their lives and 1079 were injured in Norwegian Traffic accidents in 2002, and increase of 8 children killed and 122 children injured compared 2001.The number of road accidents registered during the year of 2007 was 20,519 against 20,242 in the preceding year. Among these accidents, majority 18,329 were non-injury, 133 fatal injury, 403 serious injury and 1,654 slight injuries compared to 2006 accidents causing casualties went up by 12.5 percent, non-injury by 0.2 percent, fatal injury by 0.9 percent, serious injury by 36 percent and slight injuries by 8.2 percent. The number of children road traffic fatalities increased when compared with 2006. On average, twenty children have died each year during 2000.

Current figures are alarming enough. If they continue by 2020, the number of people killed and disabled every day on the world’s roads will have grown by more than 60 percent making road traffic injuries a leading contributor to the global burden of disease and injury. Today, they account for 90 percent of the deaths and disabilities resulting from road traffic injuries. Soon, that will rise to 95 percent. By taking action now and by working together, we can reverse the current trends and save million of adults and children from death and disability between now and 2020 and many millions more people in the years beyond.

Rapid population growth, industrialization and an increase in road vehicle has lead to predictions that by 2020 global death rate from road traffic accidents will rise by 67 percent. This increasing morbidity and mortality rate, particularly for those of working age, promises devastating consequences for the economic growth of low –income countries.

In Bangalore city, 628 people died in 2000 and 659 were killed in 2001 nearly 9000 people have been injured in accidents in 2002, while the number of injured in the last two years was around 84,000 and 900 death in 2004, seven hundred and four (704) people died in 2005. Nearly 7000 persons died in road accidents annually in Karnataka and the numbers alarmingly increasing.

A study conducted on “tackling children’s road safety through educational programme” to evaluate the effectiveness of a video assisted teaching to the knowledge of children’s road safety. The study revealed video assisted teaching had an impact of either children’s knowledge or parent’s awareness of pedestrian skills when used in a standard home based fashion. The sample size was 120 families, all of whom had children of 5 years of age. Half the families received videos at the beginning of the study, while the other half serves as a control group against which to measure changing treatment group. However, the conclusion was when videos are used in a casual fashion; they had an educational impact on either parents or children.

Now - a-days only a few children walk to school compared to previous generation. This is because parents feel safe to drive their children to school resulting in poor road crossing skills among children. Hence, children should be given awareness regarding road safety. There is less number of research studies done on knowledge of primary school children regarding road safety measures.

By watching school children after their school timings, walking as they like and getting shouting by vehicle drivers, passers-by, vendors and house-wives, the researcher felt the need to educate the children regarding road safety measures. The structured teaching programme would help children prevent such accidents and avoid behaviors that lead to accidents such as stop, look and listen, pedestrians signs, bus safety, pedestrian’s safely, traffic light meanings etc.

The purpose this study was assessing the existing level of knowledge of primary school children regarding road safety measures and providing structured teaching programme regarding road safety measures to enhance their knowledge level to prevent road traffic accidents.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the level of knowledge among primary school children regarding road safety measures before and after structured teaching program.

2. To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching program.

3. To find out the association between socio demographic variables and level of knowledge.

HYPOTHESIS:

H1:There is a significant difference in the level of knowledge among primary school children regarding road safety measures before and after structured teaching program.

H2:There is a significance difference in the post knowledge level of primary school children.

H3:There is a significant association between socio demographic variables and level of knowledge in both experimental group and control group.

RESULTS:

Experimental group:

Control group:

In pretest, 18% of children had inadequate knowledge, 82% had moderately adequate and none of had adequate knowledge .In posttest 4% of children had inadequate knowledge, 94% had moderately adequate and 2%had adequate knowledge. This indicates that experimental group has more knowledge than the control group after administration of structured teaching program

The finding of the study are supported with a similar study conducted on assess the level of knowledge among primary school children regarding road safety measures before and after structured teaching program. This study result shows that 3% of children had inadequate knowledge, 97% had moderately adequate, none of had inadequate knowledge in experimental group before structured teaching program and after structured teaching program 6% of children had moderately adequate knowledge, 94% had adequate knowledge and non of had inadequate knowledge. In control group pretest, 10% of children had inadequate knowledge, 90% had moderately adequate and none of had adequate knowledge .In posttest 3% of children had inadequate knowledge, 96% had moderately adequate and 1%had adequate knowledge. This indicates that experimental group has more knowledge than the control group after administration of structured teaching program.

After collecting the data from all the 100 samples the data was analyzed for the effectiveness of the structured teaching program by using a unpaired ‘t’ test . The result shows that the structured program was highly effective as the P value is 0.000 and the unpaired T value is 15.73. The mean difference of the experimental group (14.2) is higher than the mean difference of the control group (3.48). It indicates that the experimental group has more knowledge than the control group after administering structured teaching programme.

The finding of the study is supported with a similar study conducted on the effectiveness of structured teaching program on road safety measures among school children in Malaysia. The data were analyzed using unpaired‘t’ test. The result shows that the structured program was highly effective as the P value is 0.000 and the unpaired T value is 15.73. The mean difference of the experimental group (16.2) is higher than the mean difference of the control group (2.4). It indicates that the experimental group has more knowledge than the control group after administering structured teaching program.³⁵

The association between the socio demographical variables and the level of knowledge was done using chi square formula. In experimental group there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the socio demographic variables such as mother’s educational status, father’s educational status and religion. There is no significance relationship between the level of knowledge and socio demographic variables such as age gender, children educational status, parents occupation, type of family, dietary pattern, number of children in the family, birth order of the child, number of older siblings, previous information and source of information.

In control group there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the socio demographic variables such as mother’s educational status and father’s educational status. There is no significance relationship between the level of knowledge and socio demographic variables such as age gender, children educational status, parent’s occupation, type of family, religion, dietary pattern, number of children in the family, birth order of the child, number of older siblings, previous information and source of information.

DISCUSSION:

RECOMMENDATIONS:

Based on the findings of the study the following recommendations are stated:

· A comparative study can be carried out to find out the knowledge of primary school children in urban and rural areas regarding road safety measures.

· Similar study can be undertaken with a large sample to generalize the findings.

· A similar study can be carried out to find out the level of knowledge among teachers regarding road safety measures in urban rural area

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Received on 05.03.2014 Modified on 18.03.2014

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research 2(1): Jan.-March, 2014; Page 72-76